| canon |
a set of rules, principles, or standards used to establish scales or proportions.
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| canopic jars |
a vessel in which ancient Egyptians preserved the viscera of the dead.
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| cartonnage |
layers of linen or papyrus glued together and usually coated with stucco.
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| clerestory |
the upper part of the main outer wall of a building (especially a church), located above an adjoining roof and admitting light through a row of windows.
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| Corbelling |
brick or masonry courses, each projecting beyond, and supported by, the one below it; the meeting of two corbels would create an arch or vault.
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| engaged column |
a column, decorative in purpose, that is attached to a supporting wall.
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| fresco |
a technique (also known as buon fresco) of painting on the plaster surface of a wall or ceiling while it is still damp, so that the pigments become fused with the plaster as it dries.
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| frieze |
(a) the central section of the entablature in the Classical Orders; (b) any horizontal decorative band.
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| gesso |
a white coating made of chalk, plaster, and size that is spread over a surface to make it more receptive to paint and smoother.
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| hypostyle hall |
a hall with a roof supported by rows of columns.
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| mastaba |
a rectangular burial monument in ancient Egypt.
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| obelisk |
a tall, four-sided stone, usually monolithic, that tapers toward the top and is capped by a pyramidion.
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| papyrus |
(a) a plant found in ancient Egypt and neighboring countries; (b) a paperlike writing material made from the pith of the plant.
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| pier |
a vertical support used to bear loads in an arched or vaulted structure.
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| pilaster |
a flattened, rectangular version of a column, sometimes load-bearing, but often purely decorative.
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| pylon |
a pair of truncated, pyramidal towers flanking the entrance to an Egyptian temple.
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| pyramidion |
a small pyramid, as at the top of an obelisk.
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| sarcophagus |
a stone coffin, sometimes decorated with a relief sculpture.
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| sphinx |
in ancient Egypt, a creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human, an animal, or a bird.
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| step pyramid |
a pyramid constructed of mastaba forms of successively decreasing size.
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| vellum |
a cream-colored, smooth surface for painting or writing, prepared from calfskin.
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